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Anthropogenic hybridization between selected cultivated and wild relatives from the genus Malus (Rosaceae)
Orlovská, Lívia ; Slovák, Marek (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
Hybridization is an important driver of plant evolution, but it can also pose a threat to the genetic integrity of species. A specific case is gene flow induced by human activity, or "anthropogenic hybridization." In addition to theoretical knowledge about hybridization, introgression, and the protection of genetic diversity, this thesis presents its importance and impacts using the example of a model system from the Malus genus. By analyzing the available studies on the subject, I compare and evaluate the state of European populations of the wild species Malus sylvestris, which is subject to hybridization and introgression mainly with the cultivated species Malus domestica. The data indicate a common hybridization between these species to varying degrees, with up to 37 % of hybrid individuals in the population. The human effect is significant, particularly through the intensification of landscape utilization, which results in more frequent secondary contacts between species and subsequent gene flow. However, the available studies about hybridization between these species are mostly local, and a comprehensive view of the issue is lacking. Indeed, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, there are presently no comparable empirical investigations utilizing genetic data. Overall, it implies that it is...
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Traditional and nontraditional farm animals and their importance to human life
Procházka, Jiří ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Řezníček, Jan (referee)
The Abstract The main purpose of my thesis is to make summary of conventional and unconventional livestock and their importace to man. My thesis brings in survey of the most significant kinds of breeds and their economic exploitation. A separate section is devoted to Czech breeding of essential kinds of livestock in reference to their conditions and animal production capacity. Out of unconventional groups of livestock, the attention is devoted to birds from out superorder runners. The importace of meat in man's nutrition is widely discussed. As a part of thesis, a public inquiry was compiled and analysed. It was interpreted on samples of students and workers of educational institutions. The inquiry discovers the influence of respondents'demografic field and other circumstances upon meat consummation. As a suplement to the biology education at primary and secondary schools, a CD- ROM is made containing questions to systematic zoology of birds from among superorder runners. Key words: domestication, livestock, runners, meat, inquiry
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MHC class I allelic variability and pro-inflammatory responsiveness in domestic fowl breeds
Pojezdná, Anežka ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Hyršl, Pavel (referee)
Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is an economically important model species in science. Knowledge of the immune system of this species is therefore crucial. In research the commercial stocks are usually used together with laboratory inbred lines. They have an unnatural variability, as a result of inbreeding, their genetic and phenotypic variability is reduced. This laboratory lines are therefore not the best model for research of variability. Presently, genetically diversified poultry populations can be found in rural stocks and fancy breeds. These breeds could be good model for research in variability of immunoresponse. In this thesis, I try to map the genetic variability of the binding site of MHC class I glycoproteins in fowl breeds. In chickens are these molecules encoded in duplicated gene called BF (BF1 and BF2). These genes are relatively well known and considerable variability has been described in domestic fowl. Our results suggest a high genetic variability of MHC I in domestic fowl breeds. We had identified 41 haplotypes in 25 individuals of 14 breeds, including 7 haplotypes already known from the literature. I also focused on proinflammatory activity in fowl breeds. I watched swelling of tissue and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 after subcutaneous...
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Causes of canine dominant aggression (Canis familiaris) to people
Suková, Karolína ; Lindová, Jitka (advisor) ; Stella, Marco (referee)
Karolina Suková Abstract People have been living with dogs (Canis familiaris) in close symbiotic relationship for many thousands of years. Such a kind of coexistence cannot get along without certain risk factors. Although aggression is a natural and wide spread phenomenon in the animal kingdom, manifestation of canine aggression toward people is a public health problem which has to be resolved. Dog bites can cause traumatic injuries to victims and decrease the quality of life or even cause the loss of life to the animal. Therefore there is a serious need to determine the risk factors of dog attacks to people and provide effective preventive strategies to this problem. We consider two kinds of risk factors to be fundamental in this respect: factors depend on the dog (e.g. age, breed, sex and size) and factors depend on the owner (e.g. method of training, prior experience with care of dogs, knowledge of natural behavior of dog, time dedicated to dog etc.). Our study examined this risk factors using a questionaire. Seventy two respondents (owners of both aggressive and non-aggressive dogs) participated on our study. Our results suggest that owner's knowledge of natural behavior of dog, time which the owner dedicates to his dog and sex of the dog correlate significantly with canine aggression toward people. Key...
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (referee) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Genetické aspekty domestikačního znaku pukavosti lusku u hrachu
Čevelová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis is the study of the genetic substance of the important domestication sign pod dehiscence. Two types of pea were analyzed, with indehiscence pods JI92 (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum) and wild field pea with dehiscent pods JI64. (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius). By reciprocal crossbreeding of these two lines, were created recombinant inbred lines (RILs), of a total of 134 RILs lines were selected with 9 contrast lines. We utilized the massive parallel sequencing of the 3'ends of the cDNA, obtained by reverse transcription of mRNA isolated from the seam. Thanks to this method, 3 candidate genes were generated. Subsequently, we determined the expression of these three candidate genes for the using quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR). Amplification curves and Ct values generated from the RT-qPCR were subsequently used to generate graphs to show the degree of expression of the candidate genes. The most suitable candidate was the Ps15 gene, which is present in LGIII in the Dpo1 region, and therefore could be responsible for pod dehiscence.
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Kočičí odpočívadlo jako designový prvek interiéru
Novák, Filip
The bachelor work with its development is aimed at creating a unique collection of cat resting place as a structural element of the interior with a new view of the given issue with the possibility of its use for the owner himself. Subsequent production of the proto-type of one of the proposed models will bring the product market out of the current range of manufactured products. The theoretical part of the introduction explains the human need of cat breeding and the historical development that preceded it. Using search surveys of both the foreign and the Czech market, the type of trends and materi-als currently used in production. The practical part is an inspiration leading to the final form of the collection and the competition survey. The work culminates with a 1:1 scale prototype production and a built-in marketing plan to facilitate the products distribution.
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Evoluce genomů vlka a psa a jejich porovnání
Pazii, Oleksandra
The bachelor thesis deals with the study of the first and most common domesticated animal and its ancestors. The emphasis is put on the analysis of the current knowledge of the evolution of the gray wolf and the domestic dog genomes. Based on scientific publications are discussed origin, divergence, scenarios and influence of domestication on breeds. These are genetic fundamentals of phenotypic diversity, relationships between dog breeds, variations in morphology and behavior, and introgression between wolves and dogs. At the end of the thesis there are summarized several methods, used software and results from various molecular phylogenetic researches. A contemporary view of the evolution of all canines, molecular genetic research of the relationships between modern and origin species are key components for achieving the consensus about the place, time and reasons of diversification of dogs and wolves.
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